Edible cactus plastic greenhouse cultivation technology

The Yangtze River basin is located in the middle of China, with clear four seasons and moderate rainfall. The annual precipitation is usually between 1000 and 1200mm. The soil is relatively fertile. The plains in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River occupy a larger area. It is an important agricultural area in China, and is affected by Mongolia in winter. The effects of high pressure and Siberian high pressure often cause the northwest wind to blow. The winter is cold and dry. In many regions, the minimum winter temperature is -5 to -8°C. In this area, the cultivation of edible cactuses must be protected by plastic greenhouses before winter. Plastic greenhouses are cheap, easy to use, and practical in the Yangtze River basin. (I) Controlling growth conditions of plastic greenhouses Lighting, temperature, moisture, air, and soil are the basic conditions for the growth of cacti. Controlling these conditions to the best conditions can enable cacti to achieve high yields and stable yields. 1. The light cactus is a hi light plant, not only can not be separated from the light during the growth process, but also requires strong light. Practice has shown that without strong light, the growth of cacti will be affected. 2. There are two aspects of temperature regulation of temperature plastic greenhouses, one is winter insulation, and the other is summer cooling and heat preservation. After the temperature has started to turn hot, it is necessary to open the door for ventilation in time and open it at night to keep the temperature within the optimum growth temperature range (25-35°C) of cactus; in midsummer, apron aprons should be opened to reduce air temperature and cool, so as to create the optimum cactus The growth temperature; according to the weather in time to cover the shade net or lift off the greenhouse film can effectively increase the production of cactus. Although covering the shade net can effectively reduce the temperature of 4 ~ 5 °C, but at the same time will seriously weaken the light intensity, a direct impact on the growth of cactus, this method needs further study. In order to keep warm in winter, the degree of sealing can be increased. When building plastic greenhouses, the bonding between plastic films must be solid and seamless. The plastic film should be grounded with soil, and there should be no gaps on the edges of doors and ventilation windows. After the next level to be flat, tight, when the damage to the film should be promptly repaired. In general, the greenhouse membrane is replaced once every two years. 3. The water cactus needs less water, and the cultivation of greenhouses is due to the isolation of natural rainwater, which requires regular replenishment of water. In general, water is poured in about two weeks; summer is the peak season for cacti, and there will be a corresponding increase in the demand for water. However, in the summer, the sunshine is strong, the temperature is too high, and the cactus has a short sleep. Watering should be controlled at this time. The watering method can be spray irrigation: the water pump can be used to hit the pipeline and the sprinkler can be sprayed through the sprinkler on the pipeline. This kind of irrigation method saves water, which can reduce the temperature of the greenhouse and increase the relative humidity of the air. Because cactus needs less water, artificial irrigation can also be used. 4. Air air is one of the basic conditions necessary for the growth of cactus. Cactus needs fresh air, so it is necessary to open the door and ventilate frequently. If conditions permit, CO2 can be increased in the greenhouse. This is one of the effective ways to increase cactus production. Green plants absorb large amounts of CO2 when they are engaged in photosynthesis to synthesize organic substances. The air inside the greenhouse does not circulate, and CO2 consumed by photosynthesis cannot be replenished in a timely manner, often causing CO2 to be in an insufficient state, thus affecting the speed of photosynthesis. Therefore, CO2 must be supplemented. Commonly used methods: First, to strengthen ventilation, so that a large number of outside CO2 into the greenhouse; Second, artificially applied CO2, the method is to select a sunny sunny weather closed greenhouses, with CO2 cylinder release, through the cylinder weight loss control release; It can be used to cast dry ice of known weight; the third is to burn charcoal, firewood and other organic matter in a closed shed; and to spread organic fertilizer on the ground can also emit a small amount of CO2. 5. Soil soil is the material basis for high yield and stable production of cactus. The adaptability of cactus to soil is strong. The red soil and loess in the south, as well as the ticket calcareous soil and chernozem in the north can all grow, especially in sandy loam soil. Alkaline soil can be adjusted by applying acidic fertilizers such as peat, calcium superphosphate, and sulfuric acid; if the soil is too heavy, it can be modified with sand. 6. Fertilizer is selected as a base fertilizer with adequately decomposed organic manure, such as animal manure, manure, vegetation, animal husbandry and organic compost. Fertilizers are generally not suitable for basal fertilizers. Super fast-acting fertilizers such as superphosphate and potassium sulfate can be used as basal fertilizers, but they cannot be applied too much. About 20 days after the cactus seeds were planted, the growth of the roots and the new palm pieces was normal, and the dressing could only be performed. There are two ways to topdress fertilizer: one is to fertilize the soil; the other is to top-dress fertilizers, that is, after the fertilizer is diluted, spray it on the palm surface. The top-dressing soil is best prepared with rotten organic fertilizer. Spread a layer of decomposed cow manure or pig manure on the open space of the planting line; if using decomposed human excrement, dilute with water 8-10 times; decomposed manure, poultry Feces can be topdressing; bone meal. Fish meal, grass ash, etc. can also be topped with soil. Such as topdressing fertilizer, should use ternary compound fertilizer. Soil topdressing should be carried out when the soil is slightly dry and immediately after top dressing. The inorganic fertilizer is often used outside the root, such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium superphosphate, etc., can be made into 0.l% or 0.2% aqueous solution spraying, the amount of fertilizer per acre generally does not exceed 10kg. The manner, type, and quantity of topdressing should be determined by the specific circumstances of the seedling age, development stage, planting purpose, and soil fertility, and should not be stereotyped. (b) Cultivation techniques After the preparation of the plastic greenhouse is completed, the soil is weeded, the soil and the greenhouse are disinfected, and the seedlings are prepared, processed and disinfected. After all preparations are in place, seedling cultivation will be carried out. 2. During the cultivation season, the Yangtze River basin region spans several provinces, and the area is very vast; climate differences are also significant everywhere, so it is difficult to use a specific time to unify the standardized cultivation date. However, cultivation can generally be carried out in early April. In areas with good natural conditions, the cultivation time can be advanced to late March. From the temperature of the greenhouse, it can be cultivated as long as the night minimum temperature reaches 13°C or more. The cultivation season can be from spring to summer until autumn. The cultivation time in autumn can be ended in mid-October, generally half a month before the arrival of the local early frost is the latest cultivation time of the year. The cultivation time of cacti in greenhouses is, in principle, the sooner the better, the early cultivation, the rapid seedling growth, and the large growth in that year, the benefits are significant. If the cultivation time is delayed, not only slow seedlings are slow but growth is small, which also causes great troubles for wintering management. If it is cultivated in summer, it should avoid the rainy season. The relative humidity of the air during the rainy season is high and the seedlings are easily infected. 3. Cultivation method 1 The form of seedbed can be cultivated in a single row or double rows. The advantages of adopting this cultivation method are lower cost. The disadvantage is that the bed has ridges and sometimes the root system is exposed, which is not conducive to the development of the root system, and seedlings are prone to lodging. It is easy to cause soil compaction by pouring water along the furrows; it affects the permeability of the soil. Plant spacing 30-35cm, row spacing 85-90cm, 2000 seedlings per acre can be cultivated. 2 After cultivation, the cultivated cactus seeds do not need to be watered immediately after cultivation. Half a month after planting, the rooting rate of the seedlings can reach 90-95%. At this time, the surface of the soil is dry. Dig up the topsoil with a spatula. Water can be poured when the soil below 4 to 5 cm is not kneaded by hand. After cultivation, we must control the indoor air humidity, the humidity should not be too large, otherwise easy to rotten seedlings, more ventilation should be opened to reduce the air humidity. The greenhouse temperature should be slightly higher and the light should be sufficient to promote seedling rooting. In short, suitable soil moisture, dry air, slightly higher temperatures, and sufficient light are most beneficial for rooting and growth of cactus seedlings.

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