The best temperature for some aspects of cows in winter and spring

1 Cowhouse temperature Cows are cold and heat resistant, but the cold has a certain limit. The most suitable temperature for dairy cows is 12-14°C. The optimum temperature for pregnant cows and lactating dairy cows is 16-20°C; the temperature of lactating dairy cows is higher than that of dairy cows. At 24°C or below -4°C, milk production is reduced; the optimum temperature for calves is 35-38°C. 2 drinking water temperature 2.1 lactating dairy cow drinking temperature: 1 ordinary drinking water temperature: cold water as a cooling factor, cows drinking cold water is the consumption of body heat, affecting the production of milk; if you drink less than 8 °C water, the milk production was significantly reduced. In winter and spring, the drinking temperature of cows is maintained at 9-15°C, which is 0.57 liters more milk per day than cows drinking 0-2°C water, which means that the milk production rate is increased by 8.7%. 2 Congee temperature: In the winter, the cows are fed with hot porridge at about 38°C, which can enhance cold resistance and increase the milk production rate by 10%. 3 Drinking wheat bran water temperature: The cow feels thirsty after losing a lot of water due to loss of postpartum, and the body temperature is lower. Drink bran water instead of drinking water at this time, the temperature is higher than the body temperature of 1-2 °C (milk cows normal body temperature 37.5-39.5 °C), there is added body fluids, the effect of warming the body. Drinking cold water is forbidden, otherwise it may cause diseases such as retention of tires and colds. 2.2 Yak drinking temperature: 1 general drinking temperature: calf body temperature is higher than adult cattle, so the drinking water temperature should be higher than that of adult cattle, general drinking water to 35-38 °C is appropriate. 2 Yak milk temperature: When yak artificial breast feeding, regardless of colostrum or regular milk, should be cooled after heating and sterilizing to 35-37 °C feeding, high or low have adverse effects. In addition, the production of "small white beef" requires the use of breast-feeding male calves that are not omnipresent. They provide nutrients for milk nutrition from birth to 100 days of age. The milk temperature must be controlled within the range of 40-41°C, and the temperature should be kept between 18-20. °C. 3 Scrub the temperature of the breast water Before the milking, the cow needs to use a dry towel to soak in warm water of 45-50°C, scrub the breast and nipple thoroughly and then massage the breast. After 1-2 minutes, the breasts swell, the nipples swell, the milk veins engorgement, and the breast splanchnic muscles relax, which means that a "milk" reflex has already occurred and the milking can begin immediately. Do not scrub the nipples with hot or cold water, otherwise the cows will feel uncomfortable and will have a suppressive response to “milk” reflexes, ie, reduce milk production. 4 Temperature of milk storage and disinfection 4.1 Storage of milk: The newly extruded milk is close to the bovine body temperature and is a breeding ground for microorganisms. If it is stored without cooling, it will deteriorate quickly. Therefore, immediately cool the container with cold water. Reduce the temperature of the milk to 4-10 °C. 4.2 Milk disinfection: Milk contains a variety of harmful microorganisms, such as E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, fluorescent bacteria, butyric acid bacteria. If not sterilized, these harmful microorganisms multiply, causing the milk to deteriorate. Disinfection does not use drugs and it is mainly heated and sterilized. In order to make milk contain non-high-temperature nutrients such as amino acids, vitamins, etc. are not destroyed, milk disinfection is mainly used "non-high temperature" heating and sterilizing method, Pasteur disinfection method is: heating the milk to 75-80 °C, hold for 15-30 seconds, stop heating immediately. 5 Storage temperature of bovine semen Sperm is not afraid of heat, and sperm can be inactivated at 54.5°C. On the other hand, low temperature can stop the movement of sperm, reduce energy consumption, and enable long-term survival. In the past, most semen used for artificial insemination were stored at room temperature or cryogenic, and the storage time was very short, thus greatly limiting the superiority of artificial insemination. Since the 1950s, the preservation of semen has entered an era of "ultra-low temperature" preservation. The first use of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide), the temperature is -79 °C; to the 60's, began to use liquid nitrogen, the temperature is -196 °C, can preserve semen for decades without deterioration. Its conception rate is similar to that of fresh semen, and this method has been widely used in the cattle industry. 6 Preheating temperature of bovine frozen semen is very strict. When inseminating cattle, the frozen semen must be thawed. Warm water should be used for thawing. The temperature of water should be accurately controlled at 41-50°C, and the temperature difference between upper and lower temperatures should not exceed 10°C to ensure thaw. The vitality of the spermatozoa is not affected, and the fertility rate will not be reduced due to improper temperature. In experiments with yellow cattle, thawing of frozen semen at a temperature of 41°C is thawing at a temperature of 38°C, which can increase the rate of female birthing by 33.3%.

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