Prevention and treatment of common pests and diseases of pumpkin

In recent years, due to improper climatic, fertilizer and management measures, the occurrence of pumpkin pests and diseases has become common and the damage is severe. The annual output reduction is 15-20%, and the annual loss is as high as more than 60%. According to the author's investigation, in my county, there are more than 10 kinds of pests and diseases of pumpkins. Commonly there are "two diseases and three pests, namely bacterial margin blight, powdery mildew, small ground tiger, aphids, and red leafhoppers. We must pay great attention to prevention and control. Bacterial edge blight is caused by the pathogenic type of Pseudomonas marginal Pseudomonas, which in addition to infecting pumpkins can also infect cucumbers.The leaves, petioles, stems, tendrils, and fruits of pumpkins can be affected. At the beginning, water-soaked small spots were formed near the water hole, and then expanded to light brown irregular spots with halos around. Severe large-scale water-soaked lesions were formed. The leaf edges expanded toward the middle of the leaves to form a wedge-shaped petiole. The lesions on the stems were also immersed in water and brown, and the lesions formed water-soaked lesions on the pedicel, followed by browning, yellowing and withering of the fruit, dehydration, mummification, and overflow of the disease. The occurrence of this disease is mainly affected by the changes in humidity and leaf surface condensation caused by rainfall.When the humidity rises to more than 70% or saturation reaches 6-8 hours, the onset of disease may occur, and the longer the condensation time, the heavier the onset of disease. Soaking in warm water at 50°C for 20 minutes, remove and germinate after drying. It can be soaked with calcium hypochlorite 300 times for 2 hours or soaked for 1 hour with 1 million units of 500 times streptomycin sulfate for 2 hours, rinsed and germinated after sowing, and no soil seedlings are selected for crop rotation. Strengthen field management, remove diseased leaves in time, and use 50% amethyst copper wettable powder 600 times solution in the initial stage of disease or spreading, or use 72% agro streptomycin 4000 times solution or 1:2:300-400 Bordeaux liquid spray 2. Powdery mildew: The pathogens are Ascomycotina subsplenium, Melon powdery mildew, and melon monosaccharose shell, which began in early June and the disease became myopic year with hyphae or conidia on the host for winter or summer. Incipient infestation source: Conidia spread on the host leaves by airflow or rain, and the germinal tube is generated at the tip of the conidia and the inhaler penetrates from the epidermis of the leaf, and the mycelium adheres to the surface of the leaf, requiring 24 hours from germination to invasion. After the day, white mycelium clusters formed in the infested area, which became mature conidia after 7 days of infection, and reinfested.The prevalence of powdery mildew depends on the humidity and the host's growth, and the general humidity is conducive to its popularity. Method: Incipient onset, spray 15% Oxazolone wettable powder 1500 times or polysulfide suspension 500-600 times.Technical features: early prevention, noon defense, spray and water. Protected areas can adopt smoke method, sulfur powder smoke or 45% chlorothalonil Flue gas smoked smoke 3. Small ground tiger, Lepidoptera noctuidae, which is named as soilworm, ground silkworm, and black soil silkworm, larvae bite off the stalks of the pumpkin seedlings near the ground, causing the whole plant to die, resulting in the lack of seedlings. In severe cases, it even destroys the species.The small ground tiger spends winters with mature larvae, cockroaches and adults, and the eggs are produced on weeds below 5 cm, especially on the backs or tender stems close to the ground.The eggs are scattered or piled up. A total of 6 instar larvae are bred on ground weeds or young hosts before 3rd instar age, disperse after 3rd instars, and the white pelicans are lurking in the topsoil, causing harm at night.Swift action, brutality, and ability to kill each other. The hazard period is from early to late April, with 0.5-1 larvae per square meter before settling and 0.1-0.3 larvae per square meter after settling. Control methods: early spring to clear weeds inside and outside the field, to prevent adult laying eggs is a key part of the ring. If 1-2 instar larvae are found, herbicide should be sprayed. Prior to planting, the small ground tigers only feed on the weeds in the field. Alternatively, weeds such as gray-leaf and spiny vegetables, such as tigers, can be used to trap and collect larvae or to manually capture or mix poisons. The small tiger 1-3 instar larvae have poor drug resistance and are exposed on host plants or on the ground. They are suitable for chemical control, spray 40.7% chlorpyrifos EC, 90-120 grams per mu water 50-60 kg, or 90% enemy 100 insects 800 times or 50% phoxim 800 times. 4, Gualou and red maple. Melon grasshoppers and nymphs suck sap on the leaves and tender stems. After the leaves are damaged, the old leaf is damaged, and the leaves fall prematurely, shortening the period of nectar and causing a decrease in production. Melon year 20-30 generations, wintering or continuing breeding of eggs on wintering hosts or on a vegetable in a greenhouse. In May, winged oysters migrated to Guatemala. In June, the density of larvae was the highest, and the damage was heaviest. The red leafhopper, also known as the red spider, was moved to the pumpkin field in the middle and middle of May. It first appeared afterwards and spread throughout the field. The high-temperature and low-humidity from June to July is very harmful, especially in dry years. However, when the temperature is above 30°C and the relative humidity exceeds 70%, it is unfavorable for its reproduction, and heavy rain has an inhibitory effect. Control methods: control of locusts, 10% per mu net with 20 grams of 40 kg of water spray; control of red maple can be used to sweep the net or gram. Aphids and red clover can be sprayed on the field with 20% chlorimethanol 2000 times solution.

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