Black fungus bag cultivation new technology

Since ancient times, black fungus has been a favorite mountain treasure. It is a traditional export commodity of China. It has a great market potential and a good development prospect. It has been in short supply in domestic and foreign markets and has been in short supply. Black fungus is a kind of edible mushroom with crisp texture, smooth and refreshing, and nutrient-rich. It is mainly produced in Heilongjiang region. It was previously cultivated mainly by wood, but it has long production cycle, low yield, and low economic efficiency. In recent years, it has imitated bags. The mushroom cultivation effect is good. On the basis of a careful study of the cultivation techniques in Heilongjiang Province, we have used the climate in the south to plant the mushroom in the south and use baghouses to hang bags to cultivate new technologies. This year we have achieved success. The main features are: low cost, short cycle, quick results, high output, and good economic returns. It is indeed a good way for rural areas in the South to shake off poverty and become rich.
First, bacteria selection. The selection of good strains is the key to obtain fast-growing, high-yield and high-quality products from bag cultivation. Through the comparison of cultivation experiments, Heilongjiang black ear strain No. 1 was selected and its mycelium production temperature was between 5-32°C and 23-27°C. The fruiting body can grow at 10-27°C, but it is suitable for 15-20°C. Its ears are early, the film is fast, the flower shape is good, the flesh is thick and glossy, and it has strong anti-reflexes, good quality, high yield and stability. It is the current popular variety.
Second, select the best season cultivation of black fungus is a low temperature constant temperature fungi, cold and heat intolerance, mycelium will not die at 0 °C for a long time, stop growing at 37 °C, the best temperature for the hyphae in the culture phase is 23 -27°C, temperature of fruit body is 10-27°C, preferably 15-20°C. The cultivation of bag-making in the autumn of August-September takes about 60 days and normal temperature cultivation, and the mushrooming of the mushrooms from the 10th to the 11th month ends in May of the following year. A total of 3 batches were received. Each bag of dry material 0.5 kg, cost about 0.5 yuan, can receive about 50 grams of dry goods.
Third, the scientific formula: (1) sawdust 50 kg (2) sawdust 40 kg Maipi 10 kg cotton seed husk 10 kg of gypsum 1 kg Maipi 5 kg of calcium carbonate 0.5 kg of gypsum 1 kg of water 50-55 kg of calcium carbonate 0. 5 kg water 50-56 kg.
Fourth, the bacteria bag production and sterilization bag specifications: 15X40cm, thickness 0.05cm (available polyethylene plastic bags). The prepared medium and the fashion bag and the plastic bag shall be subject to airtightness, and the medium shall be bagged after being prepared. When the bag is filled, the medium shall be tight and moderate, and the medium shall be even and upright without any gaps. Leave 5 centimeters and tie it with a cotton thread, tie it tightly, and double-tap it to prevent loosening after sterilization. Put the culture bag into the stove for atmospheric pressure sterilization, pay attention to the fire power to "attack the head, tail end, control the middle", tapping the head is to use fierce fire, within 5 hours the temperature inside the bag should rise to IOO °C: , Control the middle is to maintain 100 °C for 28-30 hours, while closely observing the water level in the pot to prevent the pot from drying. At the end of the sterilization time, after the ceasefire, the stove door should be opened for 30 minutes. Put on the cotton gloves and remove the bacteria bags. At the same time, carefully check the bacteria bags. If any small holes are found, seal them with tape immediately to prevent the invasion of bacteria. Infection, bacteria bags should be promptly moved to the well-sterilized bacteria-accumulating room and allowed to cool naturally.
5. The temperature of the culture-incubated bag falls below 28°C to inoculate the bacteria. The cultivated species require thick and white mycelium, and the strains are of appropriate age. The general cultivated species is a plastic bagged strain, and the cultivated species is 75% of the cultivated species. Alcohol, cotton ball wipe the surface disinfection, bacteria should pay attention to the following four points: (1) The bagman found debris on the bag surface should be wiped with a dry cloth; (2) beater left hand to take 75% alcohol, cotton balls Disinfect the bag surface, and then use the right hand tool to make the hole; (3) The speed of the bacteria is faster, the bacteria species should be 2mm higher than the bag surface to prevent air intrusion, and then use 17x50cm plastic bags to grow the bag; (4) The bacteria bags are stacked into wells, requiring that they be stacked neatly and orderly, with intervals, and they must be too tight and too high, which is not conducive to ventilation.
6. In the first 3 days after germination, the temperature of the bag is 1-2 degrees lower than the room temperature because of the influence of moisture in the bag. The temperature of the culture chamber should be maintained at 25-27°C, and must not exceed 30°C. The temperature control is after 5 days. Between 23-25°C, ventilate every morning and evening for 50 minutes each time. Only after one week can you inspect whether the bacteria bag is contaminated by bacteria. If bacteria are isolated and cultured in time, the relative humidity is required to be kept at 55-68. Between %, the outer bag is removed after 10-15 days of turning, mainly to increase oxygen and promote mycelial growth. Black fungus does not need light at the stage of mycelium growth, and black cloth is often hung on the doors and windows to prevent ear buds from appearing before physiological maturity. The mycelium grows for about 50 days and is physiologically mature. It should be moved into the wet room in the wild and dried. Alternating wet management.
Seventh, ear shelter settings:
1, site selection, should choose a good ventilation conditions, the ground is dry, requires a flat terrain and environmental health, and convenient transportation.
2, mushroom shed construction, mushroom sheds around into a fence, fence and mushroom frame space 60cm, as a sidewalk and ventilation. A drainage ditch should be opened around and a three-dimensional rack cover should be used for the mushroom rack. The mushroom shed is made of bamboo and other materials, and the fungus tube is vertically suspended. The distance between each tube is 4-5cm. The width of the mushroom house is 360cm and the height is about 200cm. The two sides swing and the middle sidewalk is 60cm. The top is arched with a bamboo strip. Cover film, shelf distance 70cm, ground floor 80cm from the ground. Mushroom frame width 90cm, height 150cm, above the mushroom frame to take shelter.
Eight, cut mouth When the bag has been covered with white hypha mature and reasonable, you can open the hole. Select Yangtian climate, cut with a beard blade, cut into a "V" shape, diameter 2 cm, to prevent water spray into the bag, causing pollution, a bag generally cut 12-15 knife edge, hole and plum between points Type staggered.
Nine, ear management after cutting the mouth of the mushroom bag in the mushroom shed insulation moisturizing culture 3-5 days, cut the mouth at the formation of white mycelium, after another three or four days after the black primordium can seal the cut This time is the main management part of the whole fruiting period. To strengthen water management, the relative humidity of the indoor air is maintained at around 80% (in the initial stage), and ventilation is often used to keep the indoor air fresh, but it is also afraid that the ventilation is too large. Ear buds appear dry. Spraying water should not be sprayed directly to the ear of the bag, to prevent excessive water, resulting in bad ears, ear flourish, relative humidity requirements between 85-90%. If the weather is dry and the relative temperature of the mushroom shed is lower, you can increase the humidity in the shed. Spray water should be carried out in the morning and evening, so that “two to one attention”, that is, a look at the weather, less rainy days spray, dry eyes spray more days, second look ear shape, ear piece to expand, moist, fresh water for the appropriate Such as ear water, indicating that the water absorption ability of the ear piece is weakened and the water content is too large. The general principle is: Look at the spray of the sky and look at the ear. During the fruiting period, it is necessary to pay attention to no water spray at noon to prevent the flow of ears. Frequent ventilation and ventilation are generally appropriate for ventilation in the morning and in the evening, and ventilation at noon in the event of low temperatures. (Insulation is mainly based on low temperature, and ventilation time should not be too long). To prevent excessive carbon dioxide affect the mushroom.
X. Harvest Management When the fruiting body grows up to eight years old, the ear fully develops. Harvesting should be done in time. Ears should be taken with one hand. Ears should be taken under the bag. Be careful not to leave the ear roots in the bag to prevent the ears from being affected by the fungus and affecting the ear. The ear should be cut to remove the roots with the medium. Large flowers tear apart the classification into a single ear, high quality and high price.

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